MAX phases are layered and have the general formula: Mn+1AXn, (MAX) where n = 1 to 3, M is an early transition metal, A is a non-metal element and X is either carbon and/or nitrogen. Whereas, MXenes are a class of layered materials made from the precursor MAXene by removing the A element. Thus, they are named MXenes. While the precursor has Mn+1AXn chemical formula MXene has M(n+1)Xn formula.

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About MXenes: 

MXenes are a family of two-dimensional (2D) inorganic compounds with the general formula of Mn+1XnTx, where M is an early transition metal, X is carbon and/or nitrogen, and T is a functional group on the surface of an MXene (typically O, OH and F) (M. Naguib, et al. Adv. Mater., 2014, 26, 992). MXenes have the high metallic conductivity of transition metal carbides and are (unlike other 2D materials like graphene) hydrophilic because of their hydroxyl- and oxygen-terminated surfaces. MXenes were first discovered in 2011 at Drexel University, as a result of selectively etching the A layer out of bulk ternary transition metal carbides and nitrides, known as MAX phases, which yields multilayered MXenes. To increase surface area and accessibility of its surface, multilayered MXenes typically undergo further processing to yield solutions of delaminated MXenes.

Due to their hydrophilicity, MXenes can be processed in aqueous and polar organic solvents to form stable colloidal solutions that can be filtered to form freestanding films and spray-coated to form transparent conductive coatings. This provides a greater potential application for this family of materials. The first MXene discovered was Ti3C2 and it was initially investigated for its electrochemical properties in batteries and supercapacitors (B. Anasori, et al. Nature Reviews Materials, 2017, 2, 16098). In the past several years, however, over two dozen MXenes have been discovered along with dozens of other applications.